Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) Allergy
TABLE OF CONTENT
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome
Causes & Mechanisms
Symptoms
Triggers
Management & Treatment
Strategies for success
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References
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity [a.k.a Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance (IEI), Twentieth century Disease Syndrome, Total Allergy Syndrome, Immune System Dysregulation, and Chemically Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome] refers to an unusually severe sensitivity or allergy-like a reaction to a number of pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s), perfumes, smoke, petrol, diesel, solvents, chemicals in general, and can sometimes include sensitivity to pollen, house dust mites (HDM’s), pet fur, and pet dander 1. It’s an acquired condition, which is typically initiated by a definable exposure to a toxic substance. Symptoms of MCS are provoked by very low doses of causal factors and may occur in various organ systems 2. The mechanism from the reason for MCS is unknown and its processes are not fully understood; however, it tends to occur in people with a propensity to allergies or if allergies run in the family. Usually, individuals are well until at some stage in their life they are subjected to certain chemicals, in both one large dose or in repeated small doses 3.
Causes & Mechanisms
The cause of MCS is unknown. It has however been suggested, although not proven, that chemicals travelling up go into the nose and affect a place of the brain known as the limbic system, which plays a role in emotions, motivated behaviour, and memory. This can make a person more sensitive to chemical odour previously encountered. It has been suggested, but with little evidence, that acute or chronic exposure to chemicals may cause susceptible individuals to lose tolerance for chemicals they might previously tolerate 4. Some theories have suggested that the defense mechanisms of MCS patients is somehow damaged causing sensitivity to any or all sorts of triggers. Perhaps the most worrying feature of MCS is its ability to worsen the effect of other problems experienced by patients; included in this are depression, food intolerance, and asthma (to say a few) 1.
Symptoms
Those who suffer from MCS can have severe symptoms, which could hinder their daily life and work. These symptoms generally occur in one of three categories: central nervous system symptoms, respiratory and mucosal irritation, or gastrointestinal problems 5. As such, symptoms include, but are not restricted to, a rapid heart rate, heart problems, sweating, difficulty breathing, fatigue, tiredness which is not relieved by rest or sleep, flushing, dizziness, nausea, choking, trembling, numbness, coughing, runny nose (rhinitis), sore throat, cough, hoarseness, altered olfaction, sensitivity to light and noise, skin rashes, itching skin, and difficulty concentrating.
Triggers
MCS sufferers typically present having a firm belief that their symptoms are as a result of chemical exposure, which symptoms are accelerated by a range of everyday chemicals and common environmental agents. These include,
1. Perfumes
95% of chemicals in perfumes and fragranced goods are synthetic chemicals, which are based on petroleum; included in this are benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, camphor, ethanol, and limonene, to mention a few. These are all recognized to possess a negative impact on health particularly to the central nervous system 6.
2. Pesticides
Acute contact with pesticides is generally regarded as the first trigger when the start of MCS occurs suddenly in an otherwise healthy individual. Pesticides are potent chemicals, due to the fact that the considerable number of options are chemically related to war time nerve agents and therefore have negative effects on the nervous, endocrine and immune systems These effects are required of pesticides to be able to kill pests and as such it is no surprise that humans could be affected negatively by their effects. Common pesticides include DDT (which is one of the most potent and it has now been banned from a quantity of western countries), lindane, and chlordane, to mention several 6.
3. Household Cleaning Products
The majority of the pollution within the average home comes from the use of common household cleaning products. Based on the United States Epa (EPA), only around three in ten of the thousands of chemicals utilized in household cleaning products have been safely tested. Common chemicals used in cleaning products include toluene, found in stain removers; hexane/ xylene, present in aerosol sprays; EDTA, found in bleach; and diethyl phthalate, present in a number of products such as cosmetics, insecticides, plus some food packaging 6.
4. Gas
When natural gas burns, it produces hydrocarbon products for example methane, co2 and small quantities of deadly carbon monoxide. Inhalation of these may cause side effects. Individuals could be exposed to gas in your own home where it’s utilized in heating systems, stoves and water heaters or at the office, for people working with chemicals, petroleum, metals, glass, plastic, pulp and paper, to say several 6.
5. Other triggers include, vehicle exhaust, perfumes in cosmetics, shampoo, tar fumes from roof or road, varnish, shellac, lacquer, nail polish, nail polish remover, marking pen, laundry detergent, hair spray, after shave lotion, etc.
Management & Treatment
The best way to manage MCS is to avoid the sensitising agents, which trigger symptoms. Complete removal (where possible) of the chemicals, which cause MCS symptoms helps eliminate exposure. Prevention of exposure offers the body with enough time for you to detoxify and heal itself; however, it might be very difficult to eliminate several of these agents because most are encountered on a daily basis. As such, other treatment modalities need to be thought to help manage MCS.
Alternative treatment for MCS include,
1. Detoxification programs
These are detoxification programs involving a lot of exercise and sweating, in addition to chelation of chemical toxins. Oral chelation is a popular mode of detoxification, which will help to enhance health and nutritional status by replacing toxic metals with essential elements. This type of therapy uses chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to tightly bind to heavy metals and take away them from the body, usually through urine. The concern with chelation therapy however is the fact that chelating agents aren’t generally specific and therefore it is possible that essential trace elements can be removed as well as toxic metals.
2. Nutrition
MCS sufferers are sometimes advised to prevent all suspect foods, which might trigger certain symptoms. It’s thought that MCS sufferers have a higher likelihood of nutritional imbalances, particularly deficiency in magnesium. Intravenous infusions of minerals and vitamins for example, ascorbic acid and B vitamins, magnesium, and minerals, can have significant therapeutic benefits 6.
3. Drugs such as antihistamines and steroids.
4. Immunotherapy is sometimes used as a mode of treatment to help sufferers develop a tolerance for several allergens. This really is completed by injecting small amounts of many allergens just beneath your skin of the patient; however, tolerance might not develop for months or even years.
Tips for success
- Full assessment, including nutritional, neurological examination and selective skin tests
- Peak flow monitoring
- Keep a symptom and cause diary to watch triggers
- Eliminate all toxins from your home
- Choose only unscented natural skincare and cosmetics
- Use natural detergents and cleaning products
- Replace all your cleaning products having a natural product range
- Remove all manufactured and chemically treated carpets and soft furnishings and replace unbleached organic alternative
- Use organic pure cotton bedding for comfortable fume free nights
- Wear unbleached natural fibres, particularly close to the skin
- Avoid all junk foods